Publicado

2010-01-01

Comparación del uso de esteroides con el manejo convencional de la exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Comparison of steroids use in conventional management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Palabras clave:

enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), recurrencia (exacerbación), corticoesteroides. (es)
pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive (COPD), recurrence (exacerbation), adrenal cortex hormones. (en)

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Autores/as

  • Ariel Pérez-Monroy Profesor Asistente, Departamento de Medicina Interna. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
  • Juan Pablo Camargo Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
  • Alejandro Junca Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.

Antecedentes. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es una patología común caracterizada por una limitación crónica, progresiva e irreversible al flujo aéreo, afecta millones de personas en el mundo.

Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de dos esquemas de esteroides, en comparación con el tratamiento convencional, en exacerbaciones agudas no acidóticas de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.

Material y métodos. Ciento seis pacientes de la Clínica Carlos Lleras Restrepo de Bogotá, con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica exacerbada se evaluaron, siendo distribuidos en tres grupos: a) Tratamiento convencional, b) Hidrocortisona más esquema convencional y c) Prednisolona más esquema convencional. Se valoró a las 72 horas el cambio porcentual en la medición del flujo-pico, la variación auscultatoria pulmonar y la percepción de mejoría clínica. Además, se consignó la estancia hospitalaria, la necesidad de tratamientos adicionales o ventilación mecánica y efectos colaterales.

Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la respuesta a los tres esquemas terapéuticos, salvo una mejor percepción subjetiva con la hidrocortisona. En el análisis por subgrupos la prednisona oral disminuyó la estancia hospitalaria, mejoró el flujo-pico espiratorio y la percepción subjetiva de síntomas en pacientes mayores de 80 años, con VEF1 menor o igual a 50% del predicho y que cursaron con una exacerbación severa. El género, la clase funcional basal, la causa y el tipo de la descompensación, el número de exacerbaciones-año y el número de paquetes-año, no influyeron en la respuesta a los tres grupos. El efecto secundario más frecuente con esteroides fue la hiperglicemia.

Conclusión. Los esteroides sistémicos en forma global, no son mejores que el tratamiento convencional en exacerbaciones de EPOC. Sin embargo, la prednisona oral mejoró objetiva y subjetivamente las exacerbaciones severas, en los octogenarios y aquellos con enfermedad avanzada de base.

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common condition characterized by limited chronic, progressive and irreversible airflow that affects 52 million people worldwide.

Objective. To compare two different steroid schemes with current conventional treatment of non-acidotic acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Clínica Carlos Lleras Restrepo in Bogotá. A total of 106 patients diagnosed with exacerbated COPD were assigned to 3 treatment groups: a) conventional treatment, b) hydrocortisone and conventional treatment and c) prednisone and conventional treatment. After 72 hrs, the percentage of change in peak flow values, the variation in lung auscultation and the clinical perception of improvement were evaluated. The length of hospital stay, the need for additional treatments and mechanical ventilation, and the presence of side effects were recorded.

Results. We did not find any significant differences in treatment outcomes between the three schemes, except for a greater perception of symptom improvement with hydrocortisone. In the subgroup analysis, oral prednisone shortened the length of hospital stay and improved the peak expiratory flow and the subjective perception of symptoms in patients over 80 years old, with a FEV1 < 50% of predicted, and a severe exacerbation. Sex, functional class, cause and type of exacerbation, number of exacerbations per year, and cumulative smoking history did not affect the treatment outcome. The most frequently reported side effect of steroid therapy was hyperglycemia.

Conclusions. Systemic steroids were not superior to conventional therapy for COPD exacerbations. However, oral prednisone caused objective and subjective improvement in patients over 80 years old with severe exacerbations and in those with severe underlying disease.

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Cómo citar

Pérez-Monroy, A., Camargo, J. P., & Junca, A. (2010). Comparación del uso de esteroides con el manejo convencional de la exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina, 58(1), 15-29. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/14358