Publicado

2009-04-01

Aspectos básicos, clínicos y epidemiológicos de la Influenza

Basic, clinical and epidemiological aspects of influenza

Palabras clave:

virosis, gripe humana, gripe aviar, subtipo H1N1 de virus de la influenza A, prevensión y control (terapia preventiva), complicaciones, epidemiología. (es)
virus diseases, human influenza, influenza in birds, influenza A virus, H1N1 subtype, prevention and control, complications, epidemiology. (en)

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Autores/as

  • Orlando Acosta Losada Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
  • Carlos Arturo Guerrero Fonseca Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
  • Jorge A. Cortés Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.
En respuesta a la continua expansión del nuevo virus de influenza A H1N1, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) elevó mundialmente el nivel de alerta pandémica a Fase 6 el 11 de junio de 2009 y declaró que el mundo se encontraba en el comienzo de la pandemia de influenza 2009. El presente artículo revisa y actualiza algunas de las características moleculares de los virus de la influenza A, las cuales le permiten a estos virus evadir la respuesta inmune adaptativa de largo plazo. Se destacan especialmente las características antigénicas, genéticas y epidemiológicas del nuevo virus de influenza A H1N1 de origen porcino. Dado que la influenza es una infección viral asociada con morbilidad y mortalidad significativas, este artículo revisa algunos temas clínicos, tales como características clínicas, diagnóstico diferencial y complicaciones relacionadas con la influenza. La preocupante emergencia y expansión de cepas de los virus de la influenza A resistentes a drogas antivirales es presentada en el contexto del tratamiento de la influenza. Se enfatizan los efectos de la vitamina D sobre la inmunidad innata como una probable explicación para algunas de las incongruencias epidemiológicas de la influenza. Se concluye que la vigilancia mundial debe ser intensificada para asegurar la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la influenza.
In response to the continued expansion of the new influenza A H1N1 virus, on June 11, 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) raised worldwide the pandemic alert level to phase 6 and declared the world to be at the start of the 2009 influenza pandemic. This article reviews and updates some of the molecular characteristics on the influenza A virus, which allow it to evade the long-term adaptive immune response. The antigenic, genetic and epidemiological characteristics of the new influenza A H1N1 of pig origin are particularly highlighted. Since influenza is a viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality, this articles touches on some clinical issues such as clinical features, impordifferential diagnosis and influenza-related complications. The worrisome expansion of influenza A virus strains with resistance to antiviral drugs is presented within the context of influenza treatment. The effects of vitamin D on innate immunity are emphasized as a likely explanation for some of the apparent epidemiologic inconsistencies of influenza. In conclusion, worldwide surveillance must be intensified to ensure successful prevention, diagnosis and treatment of influenza.

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Acosta Losada, O., Guerrero Fonseca, C. A., & Cortés, J. A. (2009). Aspectos básicos, clínicos y epidemiológicos de la Influenza. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina, 57(2), 149-177. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/14441

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