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Efecto del ejercicio físico aeróbico sobre los niveles séricos de adiponectina y leptina en mujeres posmenopáusicas
The effect of aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin and leptin levels in postmenopausal females
Palabras clave:
leptina, adiponectina, posmenopausia, terapia por ejercicio, índice de masa corporal. (es)leptin, adiponectin, postmenopause, exercise, body mass index (BMI). (en)
Antecedentes. Las variaciones de peso corporal se acompañan de modificaciones en los niveles circulantes de adipocinas como la adiponectina y la leptina. Durante la posmenopausia se presenta una tendencia al incremento de peso. Se recomienda ejercicio físico, que tiene efectos sobre tejido adiposo y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como parte del tratamiento del sobrepeso y obesidad.
Objetivo. Determinar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico controlado sobre los niveles sricos de adiponectina y leptina en mujeres posmenopáusicas con peso normal, sobrepeso u obesidad.
Material y mtodos. En un grupo de mujeres posmenopáusicas con peso normal (grupo N) y otro con sobrepeso u obesidad (grupo S), se estableció el impacto de un programa de ejercicio físico controlado supervisado de intensidad moderada a vigorosa (75-85% VO2máx), cuatro días por semana, por 16 semanas, sobre el peso, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa corporal y concentraciones sanguíneas de leptina y adiponectina. Para determinar la significancia estadística de las diferencias entre la semana 0 y 16 se utilizaron el test de Wilcoxon y el test de Mann-Whitney. Se consideró diferencia estadísticamente significativa cuando P < 0.05. Los análisis fueron efectuados con el software estadístico SPSS® 11.5.
Resultados. Se observó en el grupo N una disminución de peso, índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa corporal despus del ejercicio físico, con significancia estadística para la reducción del peso (P< 0.01). En el grupo S la disminución en las tres variables antropomtricas fue estadísticamente significativa (P< 0.01). Se observó disminución de los niveles de leptina, con significancia estadística sólo en el grupo S (P<0.05). Las concentraciones de adiponectina aumentaron en el grupo S sin significancia estadística.
Conclusión. Si bien el ejercicio físico aeróbico controlado modificó benéficamente el peso en ambos grupos, los cambios en niveles circulantes de leptina se observaron sólo en mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad. Las modificaciones de las concentraciones de adiponectina no presentaron significancia estadística.
Background. Body weight variations are usually accompanied by modifications occurring in levels of circulating adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin. Women tend to gain weight during the postmenopausal period. Physical exercise is part of the recommended treatment for being overweight and suffering from obesity as it has effects on adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk factors.
Objective. Determining the effects of controlled aerobic exercise on normal weight, overweight and obese postmenopausal females' serum adiponectin and leptin levels.
Materials and methods. The impact of a supervised, controlled, physical exercise programme having moderate to vigorous intensity (75%-85% VO2máx) was established in a group of postmenopausal women having normal weight (group N) and another suffering from being overweight and/or obesity (group S). The programme involved four days a week and lasted for 16 weeks; weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for determining the statistical significance of differences between week 0 and 16. Differences were considered to be statistically significant when p<0.05. SPSS® 11.5 statistical software was used for such analysis.
Results. A reduction in weight, body mass index and body fat percentage following physical exercise was observed in group N, weight-loss being statistically significant (p<0.01). The reduction of three anthropometric variables in group S was statistically significant (p<0.01). Lower leptin levels were observed, only being statistically significant in group S (p<0.05). Adiponectin concentrations became increased in group S (not statistically significant).
Conclusion. Although controlled aerobic exercise may have led to beneficially modifying both groups' weight, changes in circulating leptin levels were only observed in overweight women or those suffering from obesity. Modifications in adiponectin concentrations were not statistically significant.
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