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Hipercalemia: ¿Estamos usando la insulina correctamente?
Hypercalemia: ¿Are we using insulin correctly?
Palabras clave:
potasio, hipercaliemia, insulina. (es)potassium, hyperkalemia, insulin. (en)
El potasio es el principal catión intracelular y es el determinante del potencial de reposo de la célula. Por esta razón, la hipercaliemia, frecuentemente, pero no siempre asociada a la insuficiencia renal severa, es una entidad potencialmente fatal por su capacidad para generar arritmias. En el tratamiento agudo mientras se realiza la terapia dialítica, hay varias opciones teraputicas destinadas a estabilizar la membrana y a redistribuir el potasio hacia la clula. En esta última modalidad de tratamiento se ubica la insulina que disminuye los niveles de potasio de una forma rápida aunque transitoria. No obstante, la forma de administración de la insulina varía ampliamente según escuelas de formación, la disponibilidad de recursos y el conocimiento del médico.
Potassium is the main intracellular cation and determines potential cell rest. Hypercaliemia is thus frequently, but not always, associated with severe renal failure. It is a potentially fatal entity due to its ability to produce arrhythmias. Several therapeutic options are intended to stabilize the membrane and redistribute potassium to the cell in acute treatment whilst a patient is undergoing dialysis.
Insulin is given in such treatment as it rapidly lowers potassium levels, even though such reduction is transitory. Nevertheless, insulin may be given in several ways depending on the school of formation, availability of resources and a doctor's particular knowledge.
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Derechos de autor 2011 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
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