Publicado

2015-07-01

El riesgo suicida y los significados de las minorías sexuales: un nuevo reto para la salud pública

Suicide risk and meanings of sexual minorities: a new challenge for public health

Palabras clave:

Suicidio, Violencia, Estigma social, Sexismo, Homofobia (es)
Suicide, Violence, Social stigma, Sexism, Homophobia (en)

Descargas

Autores/as

  • Anderson Rocha-Buelvas Grupo de Investigación en Violencia y Salud (GIVS) del Doctorado en Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

El objeto de este artículo fue presentar los avances y rezagos normativos, sociales, epidemiológicos y políticos de las conductas suicidas en minorías sexuales como problema de salud pública desde una perspectiva analítica, interpretativa y critica. Dado que el conocimiento teórico de este tema es considerablemente reducido, es de suprema importancia que desde el discurso de la salud pública se incluyan en la agenda pública las políticas y servicios de salud óptimos para la población LGBT con las particularidades y complejidades de su proceso salud-enfermedad.

The purpose of this article was to present regulatory, social, epidemiological and political advances and delays of suicidal behaviors in sexual minority as a public health problem from an analytical, interpretative and critical perspective. Given that the theoretical knowledge of the subject is substantially reduced, it is of paramount importance that, from the public health discourse, optimal policies and health care services for LGBT population —with the particularities and complexities of the health-disease process— are included in the public agenda.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Brasil. Secretaria Especial dos Direitos Humanos. Anais da Conferência Nacional de Gays, Lésbicas, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais - GLBT. Brasília: Secretaria Especial dos Direitos Humanos; 2008.

Turizo JM, Almanza M. Comunidad LGBT: Historia y reconocimientos jurídicos. Revista Justicia. 2010 [cited 2015 jun 17]; 17:78-110. Spanish. Available from: http://goo.gl/qifebq.

Campo-Arias A. Essential aspects and practical implications of sexual identity. Colomb Med. 2010 [cited 2015 jun 17];41(2):179-85. Available from: http://goo.gl/ykkFgL.

Pruitt MW. Size matters: A comparison of anti- and pro-gay organizations' estimates of the size of gay population. J Homosex. 2002 [cited 2015 jun 17];42(3):21-9. http://doi.org/dwrz5v.

Lemaitre J. El amor en tiempos de cólera: Derechos LGBT en Colombia. SUR - revista internacional de derechos Humanos 2009; 6 (11): 79-97. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/sur/v6n11/es_05.pdf.

Naciones Unidas. Oficina del Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos (OACDH). Informe anual de la Alta Comisionada de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Colombia. A/HRC/10/032; 2008 [cited 2015 jun 17]. Available from: http://goo.gl/grJG1b.

Gómez MM. Usos jerárquicos y excluyentes de la violencia. En: Motta, Cristina; Cabal, Luisa, editores. Más allá del Derecho: Género y justicia en América Latina. Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre Editores; 2006.

Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, 2013. Comportamiento de lesiones de causa externa, Colombia, 2012. In: Moreno Lozada, Sandra Lucia. Forensis 2012. Datos para la vida. Bogotá: Grupo Centro Referencia Nacional sobre Violencia (Eds), p. 11-106.

Bartoş SE, Berger I, Hegarty P. Interventions to reduce sexual prejudice: A study-space analysis and meta-analytic review. J Sex Res. 2014 [cited 2015 jun 17];51(4):363-82. http://doi.org/5f3.

Ahmad S, Bhugra D. Homophobia: an updated review of the literature. Sex Relation Ther. 2010 [cited 2015 jun 17];25(4):447-55. http://doi.org/cfqp7c.

Herek GM, Gillis JR, Cogan JC. Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. J Couns Psychol. 2009 [cited 2015 jun 17];56(1):32-43. http://doi.org/bp8qpq.

Herek GM. Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. J Soc Issues. 2007 [cited 2015 jun 17];63(4):905-25. http://doi.org/d54vj6.

Herek GM. The psychology of sexual prejudice. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2000 [cited 2015 jun 17];9(1):19-22. http://doi.org/b7fdb8.

Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, Secretaria Distrital de Planeación. Por una ciudad de derechos. Lineamientos generales de la política pública para la garantía plena de los derechos de las personas lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transgeneristas -LGBT- y sobre identidades de género y orientaciones sexuales en el distrito capital; 2008 [cited 2015 jun 17]. Available from: http://goo.gl/Dxs1i0.

Alberta Mental Health Board. Literature Review: Men at risk suicide prevention program evaluation. En: Meyers Norris Penny LLP, editor. Calgary: Alberta Health Services. Calgary; 2007. p.1-21.

Mathy RM, Cochran SD, Olsen J, Mays VM. The association between relationship markers of sexual orientation and suicide: Denmark, 1990-2001. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011 [cited 2015 jun 17];46(2):111-7. http://doi.org/cpt6rg.

Suicide Prevention Resource Center. Suicide risk and prevention for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Newton, MA: Education Development Center, Inc; 2008. p. 13-23.

Barreto I, Sandoval M, Cortés OF. Prácticas de consumo y estilo de vida de la población LGTB de Bogotá. Revista Diversitas: Perspectivas en Psicología. 2010 [cited 2015 jun 17];6(1):165-84. Available from: http://goo.gl/HV3aif.

Sudak H, Maxim K, Carpenter M. Suicide and stigma: a review of the literature and personal reflections. Acad Psychiatry. 2008 [cited 2015 jun 17]; 32(2):136-42. http://doi.org/bw3tqp.

Alberta mental Health Board. Using evidence to inform action in Alberta-consolidated evidence of at-risk groups; 2006.

Anderson M, Jenkins R. The challenge of suicide prevention: an overview of national strategies. Disease Manage Health Outcomes. 2005 [cited 2015 jun 18];13(4):245-53. http://doi.org/bgkgw5.

Ferrari AJ, Norman RE, Freedman G, Baxter AJ, Pirkis JE, Harris MG, et al. The burden attributable to mental and substance use disorders as risk factors for suicide: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. PLoS ONE. 2014 [cited 2015 jun 18];9(4):e91936. http://doi.org/5gq.

World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.

Wang H, Dwyer L, Lofgren KT, Rajaratnam JK, Marcus JR, Levin A, et al. Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 2012 [cited 2015 jun 18];380(9859):2071-94. http://doi.org/j25.

Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 2012 [cited 2015 jun 18];380(9859):2095-128. http://doi.org/j3w.

Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips MR, et al. No health without mental health. The Lancet. 2007 [cited 2015 jun 18];370(9590):859-77. http://doi.org/fkj7b9.

Phillips MR, Cheng HG. The changing global face of suicide. The Lancet. 2012 [cited 2015 jun 18]; 379(834):2318-19. http://doi.org/f2ff8j.

Patel V, Ramasundarahettige C, Vijayakumar L, Thakur JS, Gajalakshmi V, et al. Suicide mortality in India: a nationally representative survey. The Lancet. 2012 [cited 2015 jun 18];379(9834): 2343-51. http://doi.org/f2ff97.

Vijayakumar L. Suicide and mental disorders in Asia. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2005 [cited 2015 jun 18];17(2):109-14. http://doi.org/bgknzg.

Arsenault-Lapierre G, Kim C, Turecki G. Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2004 [cited 2015 jun 18];37(4):1-11. http://doi.org/b7jdb4.

Li Z, Page A, Martin G, Taylor R. Attributable risk of psychiatric and socio-economic factors for suicide from individual-level, population-based studies: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2011 [cited 2015 jun 18];72(4):608-16. http://doi.org/csrjzm.

Harris EC, Barraclough B. Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1997 [cite 2015 jun 18];170(3):205-28. http://doi.org/dkvrq3.

Murray CJL, Lopez AD. The Global Burden of Disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Cambridge, MA: Published by the Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank; Distributed by Harvard University Press; 1996.

World Health Organization. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update; 2008.

Yoshimasu K, Kiyohara C, Miyashita K. Suicidal risk factors and completed suicide: meta-analyses based on psychological autopsy studies. Environ Health Prev Med. 2008 [cited 2015 jun 18];13(5):243-56. http://doi.org/b9mpvn.

Pineda C. Etiología social del riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes lesbianas, gay y bisexuales: una revisión. Rev Psicogente. 2013 [cited 2015 jun 18];16(29):218-34.

Cantor E. Los rostros de la homofobia en Bogotá, descifrando la situación de derechos humanos de homosexuales, lesbianas y transgeneristas. Bogotá: Universidad Pedagógica Nacional; 2007.

Fonseca AF. Políticas de HIV/Aids no Sistema Único de Saúde: uma busca pela integralidade da atenção: En: Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, editor. Textos de apoio em políticas de saúde. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da Fiocruz; 2005. p. 183-205.

Friedman MS, Marshal MP, Guadamuz TE, Wei C, Wong CF, Saewyc E, Stall R. A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. Am J Public Health. 2011 [cited 2015 jun 18];101(8):1481-94. http://doi.org/c6fv3d.

Mello L, Perilo M. La respuesta brasileña al VIH y los avances en el combate a la epidemia de SIDA. Revista Crítica. 2008 [cited 2015 jun 18];953:58-61. Available from: http://goo.gl/j0x7Qy.

Neville S, Henrickson M. Perceptions of lesbian, gay and bisexual people of primary healthcare services. J Adv Nurs. 2006 [cited 2015 jun 18];55(4):407-15. http://doi.org/djbmvb.

King M, Nazareth I. The health of people classified as lesbian, gay and bisexual attending family practitioners in London: a controlled study. BMC Public Health. 2006 [cited 2015 jun 18];6:27. http://doi.org/bw47jk.

Gil-Hernández F. Fronteras morales y políticas sexuales: apuntes sobre "la política LGBT" y el deseo del Estado. Sex. Salud Soc. (Rio J.). 2013 [cited 2015 jun 18];13:43-68. http://doi.org/5gw.

Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá. Secretaria Distrital de Planeación. Barreras de acceso a servicios de salud de las personas lesbianas, gay, bisexuales y transgénero de Bogotá D.C. En: Mejía A, Benavides LF. Bogotá: Secretaria Distrital de Planeación; 2008.