Memoria operativa y circuitos corticales

Publicado

2006-10-01

Working memory and cortical pathways

Palabras clave:

memoria, psicología (aspectos cognitivos), generalización de la respuesta, tiempo de reacción, corteza prefrontal. (es)
memory, psychology, generalization, response, reaction time, prefrontal cortex (en)

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Autores/as

Gabriel Arteaga Díaz Profesor Asistente del Instituto de Psicología Universidad del Valle (Cali). Miembro del Centro de Estudios Cerebrales - Universidad del Valle (Cali). Psicólogo - Universidad del Valle. Especialista en Psicología Clínica - Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá). Magíster en Psicobiología - State University of New York (Stony Brook). Candidato a Doctorado en Neurociencias - Universidad del Valle.
Hernán Pimienta Jiménez Profesor Titular de la Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle (Cali). Director del Centro de Estudios Cerebrales - Universidad del Valle (Cali). Biólogo - Universidad del Valle. Magíster en Morfología - Universidad del Valle. International Fellow at Harvard University (Boston).

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

En el presente artículo se expone una revisión del concepto "memoria operativa", teniendo en cuenta dos aproximaciones principales. Por una parte la psicología cognitiva, particularmente en el campo de la memoria y el aprendizaje; mientras que por otra parte, se presentan algunos aspectos del aporte de las neurociencias, tanto en lo relacionado con fenómenos clínicos como experimentales. Se hace referencia al síndrome prefrontal desde una perspectiva histórica, se consideran igualmente algunos estudios electrofisiológicos, de imagen funcional, así como los relacionados con ablaciones corticales. Se presenta al final, un modelo de "circuitería" asociada con el proceso de la memoria operativa, en el cual se consideran cinco circuitos básicos: tanto los que se establecen entre regiones corticales, como entre estas y estructuras subcorticales.

This paper presents a review on the concept of "Working memory" from two main approaches. On the one hand the cognitive psychology, particularly in the learning and memory fields, while on the other hand it is presented the perspective from neuroscience data: clinical and experimental. It is referenced the prefrontal syndrome from a historical point of view, additionally some electrophysiological, functional imaging, and cortical ablations works are summarized. At the end of the document it is also introduced, a model of the cortical circuitry concerned with working memory processing; five circuits are considered: cortico-cortical as well as cortico-sub cortical loops are depicted.

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