Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la escala de somnolencia de Epworth

Publicado

2020-04-01

Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la escala de somnolencia de Epworth

Factor structure and internal consistency of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Palabras clave:

Trastornos de somnolencia excesiva, Confiabilidad y validez, Análisis factorial, Estudios de validación (es)
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Reliability and Validity, Factor Analysis, Validation Studies (en)

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Autores/as

John Carlos Pedrozo-Pupo Universidad del Magdalena - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Programa de Medicina - Santa Marta - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-7016
Angie Paola Córdoba Universidad del Magdalena, Santa MartaUniversidad del Magdalena - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Programa de Medicina - Santa Marta - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-4411
Adalberto Campo-Arias Universidad del Magdalena - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Programa de Medicina - Santa Marta - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-7404

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Introducción. En comparación con la polisomnografía (PSG), la escala de somnolencia de Epworth (ESE) tiene propiedades clinimétricas limitadas, por tanto es necesario revisar su estructura factorial.

Objetivo. Revisar la estructura factorial (dimensionalidad) y la consistencia interna de la ESE en un grupo de pacientes a los que se les realizó PSG en Santa Marta, Colombia.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una investigación para medir las propiedades clinimétricas de la ESE. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 684 adultos entre 18 y 64 años (media=43.2, desviación estándar=13.4) que habían completado los 8 ítems de dicha escala. 440 eran hombres y 244, mujeres. Para probar la estructura factorial se usó el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y para computar la consistencia interna, los coeficientes omega de McDonald y alfa de Cronbach.

Resultados. La estructura de factores fue unidimensional y explicó el 42% de la varianza. En cuanto al AFC, los coeficientes de bondad de ajuste fueron insatisfactorios: χ²=146.47 (gl=20, p=0.001), RMSEA=0.096 (IC90%: 0.082-0.111), CFI=0.902, TLI=0.863 y SMSR=0.047. Los coeficientes omega de McDonald y alfa de Cronbach fueron de 0.80 y 0.80 (IC95%: 0.78-0.82), respectivamente.

Conclusiones. La ESE presentó una estructura unidimensional limitada, por lo que es necesario revisar el constructo de somnolencia excesiva o refinar su estructura factorial, pues es posible que con ello se obtengan mejores indicadores en comparación con el mejor criterio de referencia para el diagnóstico de la somnolencia diurna excesiva.

Introduction: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) has shown limited clinimetric properties compared to polysomnography, suggesting the need to review its factor structure.

Objective: To review the factor structure (dimensionality) and internal consistency of the ESS in a group of patients who underwent polysomnography in Santa Marta, Colombia.

Materials and methods. A research was conducted to measure the clinimetric properties of the ESS. The sample consisted of 684 individuals aged 18-64 (mean=43.2, SD=13.4) who completed the eight items of the EES, of which 440 were men, and 244, women. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure of the scale, while its internal consistency was calculated using the McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients.

Results: The factor structure was one-dimensional and it accounted for 42% of the variance. Regarding the CFA, the goodness of fit coefficients were unsatisfactory: χ²=146.47 (gl=20, p=0.001), RMSEA=0.096 (90%CI: 0.082-0.111), CFI=0.902, TLI=0.863 and SMSR=0.047. McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were 0.80 and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.78-0.82), respectively.

Conclusions: The EES had a limited one-dimensional structure in the study population, so it is necessary to review the construct of somnolence or refine its factorial structure, this way it may be possible to obtain better indicators in comparison with the best reference criteria for daytime sleepiness diagnosis.

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