Publicado

2020-04-01

Prevalence and characterization of cutting in pediatric population (0-14 years) treated at an emergency department of Bogotá D.C., Colombia

Prevalencia y caracterización de cutting en población pediátrica (0-14 años) en un servicio de urgencias de Bogotá D.C., Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v68n2.73583

Palabras clave:

Self-Injurious Behavior, Child Behavior, Adolescent, Child Psychiatry, Dangerous Behavior (en)
Conducta autodestructiva, Conducta infantil, Autolesión no suicida, Conducta peligrosa (es)

Autores/as

Introduction: Cutting is a nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior. Although this behavior is increasingly frequent in children under the age of 15, studies on its prevalence in the Colombian pediatric population have not yet been conducted.

Objective: To describe the risk factors and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children under the age of 15 diagnosed with cutting and treated at the emergency service of a quaternary care hospital located in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.

Materials and methods: Descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study. The medical records of patients under 15 years of age with Z91.5, F32, F33, F99, F19, F41, F43, T742 and X60 ICD-10-CM medical diagnosis codes treated between 2011 and 2017 were reviewed to identify cases meeting the diagnosis criteria for cutting (nonsuicidal self-injury).

Results: In total, 85 medical records of children aged 10-14 were included. Cutting prevalence in the sample was 0.15%, but in the psychiatric disorders subgroup it was 26.7%. A 3:1 female-to-male ratio was found. Out of the 85 children, 62% did not have a nuclear family (i.e., did not live with both parents), 30.6% showed a poor school performance, and 80% injured their forearms. Concerning their mental health, 22.3% reported their anxiety was reduced after injuring themselves, and 72.9% did not have suicidal thoughts. The most frequent risk factors were having a history of mental disorder (52.9%), having experienced psychological violence (25.8%), and, in the case of boys, using psychoactive substances (22.7%).

Conclusions: The prevalence of cutting found here is lower than what has been reported for this population in other countries. Likewise, cutting was three times more common in girls, and having a history of mental disorders might increase the risk of developing this behavior. Although the characteristics described here will allow identifying easily this condition in Colombian children, it is necessary to conduct further studies to determine the effectiveness of therapies aimed at this population.

 


Introducción. El cutting es un comportamiento de autolesión no suicida cada vez más frecuente en menores de 15 años; sin embargo, en Colombia aún no se han realizado estudios que reporten la prevalencia de esta conducta en población pediátrica.

Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, y los factores de riesgo de la población pediátrica (0 a 14 años) con diagnóstico de cutting atendida en el servicio de urgencias de una clínica de cuarto nivel en Bogotá D.C., Colombia.

Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en el que se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes menores de 15 años atendidos entre los años 2011 y 2017 con los códigos diagnósticos CIE 10 Z91.5, F32, F33, F99, F19, F41, F43, T742 y X60, con el fin de identificar aquellos casos que cumplieran con los criterios diagnósticos de cutting.

Resultados. Se incluyeron 85 historias clínicas de niños entre 10 y 14 años. La prevalencia de cutting fue de 0.15% en el total de la muestra y de 26.7% en el subgrupo con antecedentes de trastorno psiquiátrico. Se encontró una relación mujer a hombre de 3:1. El 62% no tenía un núcleo familiar unificado, el 30.6% presentó un rendimiento escolar bajo y el 80% se lesionó el antebrazo. Respecto a su salud mental, el 22.3% reportó reducción de ansiedad con la lesión y el 72.9% no presentó ideas suicidas. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron presentar antecedente de enfermedad mental (52.9%), ser víctima de violencia psicológica (25.8%) y, en el caso de los varones, consumir sustancias psicoactivas (22.7%).

Conclusiones. La prevalencia de cutting fue inferior en comparación con lo reportado en otros países. Este comportamiento fue tres veces más frecuente en niñas y el antecedente personal psiquiátrico podría aumentar el riesgo de presentarlo. A pesar de que las características aquí descritas permitirán identificar fácilmente esta condición en población pediátrica colombiana, es necesario realizar nuevos estudios que determinen la efectividad de medidas terapéuticas dirigidas a esta población.

Referencias

Ulloa-Flores E, Contreras-Hernández C, Paniagua-Navarrete K, Figueroa GV. Frecuencia de autolesiones y características clínicas asociadas en adolescentes que acudieron a un hospital psiquiátrico infantil. Salud Mental. 2013;36(5):417-20. http://doi.org/dkmx.

American Psychiatric Association (APA). DSM-5. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales. Arlington: APA; 2014.

Muehlenkamp JJ, Claes L, Havertape L, Plener PL. International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2012;6(1):10. http://doi.org/gf3q6d.

Carroll R, Thomas KH, Bramley K, Williams S, Griffin L, Potokar J, et al. Self-cutting and risk of subsequent suicide. J Affect Disord. 2016;192:8-10. http://doi.org/c8kp.

Mars B, Heron J, Crane C, Hawton K, Kidger J, Lewis G, et al. Differences in risk factors for self-harm with and without suicidal intent : findings from the ALSPAC cohort. J Affect Disord. 2014;168:407-14. http://doi.org/f6f625.

Hamza CA, Stewart SL, Willoughby T. Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior : A review of the literature and an integrated model. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012;32(6):482-95. http://doi.org/gdcg5x.

Moran P, Coffey C, Romaniuk H, Olsson C, Borschmann R, Carlin JB, et al. The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: A population-based cohort study. Lancet. 2011;379(9812):236-43. http://doi.org/cxqmws.

Reitz S, Kluetsch R, Niedtfeld I, Knorz T, Lis S, Paret C, et al. Incision and stress regulation in borderline personality disorder : neurobiological mechanisms of self-injurious behaviour. Br J Psychiatry. 2015;207(2):165-72. http://doi.org/f7nv93.

Swannell S, Martin G, Scott J, Gibbons M, Gifford S. Motivations for self-injury in an adolescent inpatient population: Development of a self-report measure. Australas Psychiatry. 2008;16(2):98-103. http://doi.org/d3cf3k.

Jones JG, Cohen AL, Worley KB, Worthington T. Accidental scratch or a sign of self-cutting? J Fam Pract. 2015;64(5):277-81.

Albores-Gallo L, Méndez-Santos JL, Xóchitl-García Luna A, Delgadillo-González Y, Chávez-Flores CI, Martínez OL. Autolesiones sin intención suicida en una muestra de niños y adolescentes de la ciudad de México. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2014;42(4):159-68.

Laukkanen E, Rissanen ML, Honkalampi K, Kylmä J, Tolmunen T, Hintikka J. The prevalence of self-cutting and other self-harm among 13-to 18-year-old Finnish adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44(1):23-8. http://doi.org/cjwbx3.

Gmitrowicz A, Kostulski A, Kropiwnicki P, Zalewska-Janowska A. Cutaneous deliberate self-harm in Polish school - An interdisciplinary challenge. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;94(4):448-53. http://doi.org/f596vs.

Lockwood J, Daley D, Townsend E, Sayal K. Impulsivity and self-harm in adolescence: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;26(4):387-402. http://doi.org/f942qg.

Frías-Ibáñez Á, Vázquez-Costa M, Del Real-Peña A, Sánchez-del Castillo C, Giné-Servén E. Conducta autolesiva en adolescentes : prevalencia, factores de riesgo y tratamiento. C. Med. Psicosom. 2012 [cited 2020 Jan 28];103:33-48. Available from: http://bit.ly/2RUFj9L.

Hawton K, Haw C, Houston K, Townsend E. Family history of suicidal behaviour : prevalence and significance in deliberate self-harm patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;106(5):387-93. http://doi.org/dt5qfm.

Robinson J. Repeated self-harm in young people: A review. Australas Psychiatry. 2017;25(2):105-7. http://doi.org/c8k2.

Organización Paramericana de la Salud (OPS). Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y Problemas Relacionados con la salud. Décima revisión. Washington D.C.: OPS; 1995.

World Medical Association (WMA). WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Fortaleza: 64th WMA General Assembly; 2013 [cited 2020 Jan 28]. Available from: https://bit.ly/2rJdF3M.

Colombia. Ministerio de Salud. Resolución 8430 de 1993 (octubre 4): Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud. Bogotá D.C.; octubre 4 de 1993 [cited 2020 Jan 28]. Available from: https://bit.ly/2nH9STI.

Oliva-Gómez E, Villa-Guardiola VJ. Hacia un concepto interdisciplinario de la familia en la globalización. Justicia Juris. 2014;10(1):11-20.

Walters-Pacheco KZ, Cintrón-Bou FN, Serrano-García I. Familia Reconstituida. El Significado de “ Familia “ en la Familia Reconstituida. Psicología Iberoamericana. 2006;14(2):16-27.

Lauw MSM, Abraham AM, Loh CBL. Deliberate self-harm among adolescent psychiatric outpatients in Singapore: prevalence, nature and risk factors. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2018;12:35. http://doi.org/gdv5p5.

Geulayov G, Kapur N, Turnbull P, Clements C, Waters K, Ness J, et al. Epidemiology and trends in non-fatal self-harm in three centres in England, 2000-2012: Findings from the Multicentre Study of Self-harm in England. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e010538. http://doi.org/f9jx95.

Martorana G. Characteristics and associated factors of non-suicidal self-injury among Italian young people: A survey through a thematic website. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):93-100. http://doi.org/gdcgjd.

Matsumoto T, Yamaguchi A, Chiba Y, Asami T, Iseki E, Hirayasu Y. Patterns of self-cutting: A preliminary study on differences in clinical implications between wrist-and arm-cutting using a Japanese juvenile detention center sample. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004;58(4):377-82. http://doi.org/dq4xmf.

Larkin C, Corcoran P, Perry I, Arensman E. Severity of hospital-treated self-cutting and risk of future self-harm: A national registry study. J Ment Heal. 2014;23(3):115-9. http://doi.org/c8k3.

Chartrand H, Kim H, Sareen J, Mahmoudi M, Bolton JM. A comparison of methods of self-harm without intent to die: Cutting versus self-poisoning. J Affect Disord. 2016;205:200-6. http://doi.org/f87mjf.

Ersen B, Kahveci R, Saki MC, Tunali O, Aksu I. Analysis of 41 suicide attempts by wrist cutting: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2017;43(1):129-35. http://doi.org/c8k4.

Bennardi M, McMahon E, Corcoran P, Griffin E, Arensman E. Risk of repeated self-harm and associated factors in children, adolescents and young adults. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):421. http://doi.org/f9c2mv.

Matsuyama T, Kitamura T, Kiyohara K, Hayashida S, Kawamura T, Iwami T, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of emergency patients with self-inflicted injuries: A report from ambulance records in Osaka City, Japan. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24:68. http://doi.org/c8k5.

Laukkanen E, Rissanen ML, Tolmunen T, Kylmä J, Hintikka J. Adolescent self-cutting elsewhere than on the arms reveals more serious psychiatric symptoms. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;22(8):501-10. http://doi.org/f46hzf.

Hintikka J, Tolmunen T, Rissanen ML, Honkalampi K, Kylmä J, Laukkanen E. Mental Disorders in Self-Cutting Adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2009;44(5):464-7. http://doi.org/dq736w.

Mars B, Heron J, Crane C, Hawton K, Lewis G, Macleod J, et al. Clinical and social outcomes of adolescent self harm : population based birth cohort study. BMJ. 2014;349:g5954. http://doi.org/f6s3v9.

Calvete E, Orue I, Aizpuru L, Brotherton H. Prevalence and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema. 2015;27(3):223-8. http://doi.org/gdcgmw.

O’Loughlin S, Sherwood J. A 20-year review of trends in deliberate self-harm in a British town, 1981-2000. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005;40(6):446-53. http://doi.org/ckmxbc.

Dimensions

PlumX

Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo

2877

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Cómo citar

Lince-González, A. M., Tachak-Duque, L. C., Parra-García, J. C., Durán-Flórez, M. E., & Estrada-Orozco, K. (2020). Prevalencia y caracterización de cutting en población pediátrica (0-14 años) en un servicio de urgencias de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina, 68(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v68n2.73583