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Evaluating erosion in an Inceptisol (soil) in Tunja (Boyacá department, Colombia) having different coverage regarding the impact of simulated rainfall
Evaluación de la erosión de un Inceptisol de Tunja con diferentes coberturas al impacto de lluvias simuladas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v29n3.15188Keywords:
soil loss, simulator, rainfall, runoff, infiltration (en)pérdida de suelo, simulador, precipitación, escorrentía, infiltración (es)
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The area surrounding the city of Tunja in the Boyacá department has a heterogeneous climate and adverse conditions facilitating erosion. Scarce vegetation cover does little to reduce the impact of the rain and increases runoff. This study was aimed at analysing different types of rainfall coverage, intensity and duration by simulation. A experimental 3x3 Latin square design was used, with 3 rainfall intensities (10, 20 and 30 mm•h-1), 3 rainfall durations (1, 2 and 3 hours) and 3 types of soil coverage (kikuyo, natural coverage, bare). Each Latin square had 3 repetitions, giving a total of 27 experimental units. Significant differences were found between rainfall intensities evaluated; 30 mm•h-1 rainfall intensity generated 2,218.6 kg•ha-1 of soil loss caused by run-off. Kikuyo coverage was the vegetal cover presenting the least soil loss and greatest infiltration (1,019.1 kg•ha-1 soil loss by run-off and 0.88 cm accumulated infiltration). Rainfall duration did not affect soil loss due to run-off and infiltration. Tunja’s annual rainfall pattern showed that 2006 presented the greatest soil loss (46,663 kg•ha-1 for bare soil). This meant that corrective action must be taken quickly by implementing vegetal cover to mitigate the effects of rainfall on exposed soil to reduce the loss of such valuable resource.
Los alrededores de la ciudad de Tunja presentan condiciones climáticas heterogéneas y adversas que posibilitan el proceso de erosión. La poca presencia de cubierta vegetal no disminuye el impacto de las lluvias y favorece fenómenos como la escorrentía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar diferentes coberturas, intensidades y duraciones de lluvia mediante simulación. Se realizó un diseño experimental de cuadrado latino de 3 x 3, con 3 intensidades de lluvia (10, 20 y 30 mm•h-1), 3 duraciones de lluvia (1, 2 y 3 horas), y 3 tipos de cobertura de suelo (kikuyo, cobertura natural, descubierto), cada cuadrado latino con 3 repeticiones, para un total de 27 unidades experimentales. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre las intensidades de lluvia evaluadas, la intensidad de 30 mm•h-1de lluvia generó 2.218,6 kg•ha-1 de suelo perdido por escorrentía. La cubierta vegetal que presentó la menor pérdida de suelo y la mayor infiltración fue la cobertura de kikuyo, con valores de 1.019,1 kg•ha-1 de suelo perdido por escorrentía y 0,88 cm de infiltración acumulada. Las duraciones de lluvia no afectaron la pérdida de suelo por escorrentía e infiltración. El patrón anual de lluvias de Tunja mostró que el año 2006 presentó la mayor pérdida de suelo, con 46.663 kg•ha-1 para el suelo descubierto, lo que implica que se deben tomar acciones correctivas rápidamente, mediante la implementación de coberturas vegetales que atenúen el efecto de la precipitación sobre el suelo a libre exposición con el fin de disminuir la pérdida del recurso.
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Copyright (c) 2009 Javier Giovanni Álvarez Herrera, Juan Pablo Fernández Rodríguez
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