Drivers, Enables and conditions for Public Sector Innovation in European Countries
Promotores, facilitadores y condiciones para la innovación en el sector público europeo
Motivadores, facilitadores e condições para a inovação do setor público nos países europeus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v32n83.99255Palabras clave:
competitiveness, innovation, innovation in services, national culture, public sector (en)competitividad, innovación, innovación en servicios, cultura nacional, sector público (es)
competitividade, inovação, inovação em serviços, cultura nacional, setor público (pt)
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This study identifies the factors that influence innovation in the public sector in different countries. To do this, we identified innovation patterns in European countries and established the factors associated with such patterns. A cluster analysis was performed to group countries in terms of public sector innovation, while mean differences tests were used to identify the aspects that characterize these differences. The data are derived from the European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard database, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the European Innovation Scoreboard (eis) 2017 Database, and the Global Competitiveness Report (2017-2018) by the World Economic Forum. The results indicate the existence of three groups of countries, where the factors identified are related to (i) the governance of public services, namely government effectiveness and regulatory quality, share of service innovators that innovate in-house, share of process innovators that innovate in-house, and importance of external knowledge; (ii) national culture, in particular uncertainty avoidance and indulgence; and (iii) national innovation capacity. This study provides empirical insights into the need to develop innovation capabilities as an element of successful innovation in public services.
Este trabajo analiza las variables que determinan el nivel de innovación del sector público en diferentes países de Europa. Para ello, se identificaron patrones de innovación en varios países europeos para luego establecer los factores asociados a dichos patrones. Metodológicamente, se realizó un análisis de conglomerados con el objetivo de agrupar a los países analizados a partir de sus características de innovación en el sector público. Además, se emplearon pruebas de comparación de medias para identificar los aspectos que caracterizan las diferencias existentes entre países. Los datos empleados fueron recopilados de la base de datos del Cuadro europeo de indicadores de innovación en el sector público, el Cuadro europeo de indicadores de innovación (eis, en inglés) de 2017 y el Informe de competitividad global (2017-2018) del Foro Económico Mundial, teniendo en cuenta además las dimensiones culturales del modelo de Hofstede. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la existencia de tres grupos de países, donde los factores identificados se relacionan con i) la gobernanza de los servicios públicos, es decir, la eficacia del gobierno y su calidad regulatoria, la proporción de innovadores de servicios e innovadores de procesos que llevan a cabo innovaciones internas y la importancia asignada al conocimiento externo; ii) la cultura nacional, en particular la aversión a la incertidumbre y la indulgencia; y iii) la capacidad nacional de innovación. Esta investigación proporciona hallazgos que dan cuenta de la necesidad de desarrollar capacidades de innovación como elemento esencial para procesos exitosos de innovación en el sector público.
Este estudo identifica os fatores que influenciam a inovação no setor público em diferentes países. Para isso, identificamos os padrões de inovação nos países europeus e estabelecemos os fatores associados a tais padrões. Foi realizada uma análise de cluster (agrupamento de dados) para classificar países em termos de inovação do setor público, enquanto testes de diferenças de médias foram usados para identificar os aspectos que caracterizam essas diferenças. Os dados são derivados do banco de dados do Painel Europeu da Inovação do Setor Público, das dimensões culturais de Hofstede, do banco de dados do Painel Europeu da Inovação (eis, na sigla em inglês) 2017 e do Relatório de Competitividade Global (2017-2018) pelo Fórum Econômico Mundial. Os resultados indicam a existência de três grupos de países, nos quais os fatores identificados estão relacionados com i) a governança dos serviços públicos, ou seja, a eficácia do governo e a qualidade regulatória, a participação de inovadores de serviços que inovam internamente, a participação de inovadores de processos que inovam internamente e a importância do conhecimento externo; ii) a cultura nacional, em particular, a prevenção de incertezas e a indulgência, iii) a capacidade de inovação nacional. Este estudo fornece descobertas empíricas sobre a necessidade de desenvolver capacidades de inovação como um elemento de inovação bemsucedida nos serviços públicos.
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