Publicado

2023-04-13

The effect of the acid pre-treatment temperature of natural diatomaceous earth on the Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite

El efecto de la temperatura del pre-tratamiento ácido de tierra de diatomeas natural en la relación SI/Al de zeolitas ZSM-5

O efeito da temperatura de pré-tratamento ácido da terra de diatomáceas natural na relação Si/Al da zeólita ZSM-5

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v51n2.100723

Palabras clave:

Diatomaceous earth, Si/Al ratio, acid pre-treatment temperature, ZSM-5 zeolite (en)
Tierra de diatomeas, relación Si/Al, temperatura de pre-tratamiento ácido, zeolita ZSM-5 (es)
Terra de diatomáceas, razão Si/Al, temperatura de pré-tratamento ácido, ZSM-5 zeólito (pt)

Autores/as

  • Ronald Mauricio Lara Prado Universidad Mayor de San Andrés https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-5396
  • Luis Lopez N Instituto de Investigaciones Química (IIQ) Instituto de Investigaciones Química (IIQ), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
  • Saúl Cabrera M Instituto de Investigaciones Química (IIQ) Instituto de Investigaciones Química (IIQ), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia

Bolivian diatomaceous earth is a potentially lower cost silica source than conventional high purity reagents used in zeolite synthesis. Due to its complex composition, it is necessary to pre-treat it with sulfuric acid in order to reduce impurities and regulate the aluminum content. In the present work several experiments were carried out with natural Bolivian diatomaceous earth in the pre-treatment stage. In order to determine the effect on the final Si/Al ratio, the temperature of the acid pre-treatment was varied between 50 to 155 °C. The results show that the Si/Al ratio can be modulated from 6.2 up to 38.1. These treated diatomaceous earth samples were used to synthetise ZSM-5 zeolite. The obtained ZSM-5 zeolites have a Si/Al ratio in the following range: 9.6 to 40.2. XRD, NH3-TPD and Nitrogen Physisorption techniques were used to characterise the properties of the obtained zeolites. The degree of crystallisation and the specific surface area are directly related to the Si/Al ratio, resulting in high values at high Si/Al ratios. The acid sites are composed of strong Brönsted acid sites and, strong and weak Lewis acid sites. For the zeolite with a low Si/Al ratio a high total acidity was found (>0.51 molNH3/Kgzeolite), while at high Si/Al ratios the total acidity is reduced (<0.38 molNH3/Kgzeolite).

La tierra de diatomea boliviana es una fuente de silicio potencialmente más económica en comparación a los reactivos de alta pureza comúnmente utilizados para la síntesis de zeolitas. Dada su composición compleja es necesario realizarle un pretratamiento ácido con el fin de reducir las impurezas y regular el contenido de aluminio. En este artículo se realizaron múltiples experimentos durante la etapa de pretratamiento ácido. La temperatura del pretratamiento ácido fue modificada en un rango entre 50 y 155 °C esto con el fin de determinar su efecto en la relación Si/Al final. Los resultados mostraron que la relación Si/Al puede ser modulada en un rango entre 6,2 y 38,1. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron zeolitas a partir de la tierra de diatomea modificada. Las zeolitas obtenidas presentaron una relación Si/Al entre 9,6 y 40,2. Se aplicaron distintas técnicas de caracterización para la determinación de las propiedades. El grado de cristalinidad y el área superficial específica están directamente relacionadas con la relación Si/Al. Los sitios ácidos están conformados por ácidos fuertes de tipo Brönsted y ácidos fuertes y débiles de tipo Lewis. Para la zeolita con menor relación Si/Al se determinó una elevada acidez total (>0,51 molNH3/Kgzeolita), mientras que para la zeolita con mayor relación Si/Al la acidez total se redujo considerablemente (<0,38 molNH3/Kgzeolita).

A terra diatomácea boliviana é uma fonte potencialmente mais barata de silício em comparação com os reagentes de alta pureza comumente usados ​​para a síntese de zeólitas. Dada a sua composição complexa, é necessário realizar um pré-tratamento ácido para reduzir as impurezas e regular o teor de alumínio. No presente trabalho, vários experimentos foram realizados durante a etapa de pré-tratamento ácido. A temperatura do pré-tratamento ácido foi modificada em uma faixa entre 50 e 155 °C para determinar seu efeito na relação Si/Al final. Os resultados mostram que a razão Si/Al pode ser modulada em uma faixa entre 6,2 e 38,1. Posteriormente, as zeólitas foram obtidas a partir de terra diatomácea modificada. As zeólitas obtidas possuem uma razão Si/Al entre 9,6 e 40,2. Diferentes técnicas de caracterização foram aplicadas para determinar as propriedades. O grau de cristalinidade e a área superficial específica estão diretamente relacionados com a razão Si/Al. Os sítios ácidos são compostos por ácidos fortes do tipo Brönsted e ácidos fortes e fracos do tipo Lewis. Para a zeólita com menor relação Si/Al, foi determinada uma alta acidez total (>0,51 molNH3/Kgzeólita), enquanto para a zeólita com maior relação Si/Al, a acidez total foi consideravelmente reduzida (<0,38 molNH3/Kgzeólita).

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Cómo citar

[1]
R. M. Lara Prado, L. Lopez N, y S. Cabrera M, «El efecto de la temperatura del pre-tratamiento ácido de tierra de diatomeas natural en la relación SI/Al de zeolitas ZSM-5 », Rev. Colomb. Quim., vol. 51, n.º 2, abr. 2023, doi: 10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v51n2.100723.