Publicado

2012-10-01

Análogos de insulina: relevancia clínica y perspectivas futuras

Insulin analogues: clinical relevance and future perspectives

Palabras clave:

insulina, farmacocinética, diabetes mellitus, hipoglucemiantes, células secretoras de insulina (es)
insulin, pharmacokinetics, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemic, insulin-secreting cells (en)

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Autores/as

  • Jhon Jairo Bejarano-Roncancio Profesor Asociado. Departamento de Nutrición Humana. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Bogotá.
  • Johan Carlos Almanza-Labarca Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo, Venezuela.
  • Angélica Lucía Veloza-Naranjos Unidad de Endocrinología Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Bogotá.
Desde la década de los noventa han sido diseñados análogos de insulina para el manejo de pacientes diabéticos usando técnicas de ADN recombinante. Las modificaciones de la molécula original de insulina humana les confieren una rápida, ultrarrápida y prolongada acción. Entre las insulinas ultra rápidas están la Aspártica, la Lispro y la Glulisina y entre las de acción prolongada están la Glargina y la Detemir. También se encuentran mezcladas con insulina humana NPH en diferentes proporciones. Aunque existen diferentes tipos de algoritmos terapéuticos, la insulinización sigue siendo una terapia artesanal basada en la experiencia del especialista tratante. La introducción de los análogos de insulina hace más factible el empleo de bolos correctores o dosis extra de insulina para reducir las hipoglicemias puntuales en cualquier momento del día y facilitar el manejo de los carbohidratos en la dieta.
Insulin analogues have been engineered through recombinant DNA techniques for managing diabetic patients since the 1990s; modifications to the original human insulin molecule have made them rapid, ultra-rapid and prolonged acting. Aspart, lispro and glulisine are ultrafast insulins and glargine and detemir are longacting ones. Such insulins may be premixed in formulations combining neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) with regular human insulin (70%/30%). Different types of therapeutic algorithms are available nowadays but insulinisation remains a crafted therapy based on the treating specialist's experience. The introduction of insulin analogues enables using correction boluses or extra doses of insulin to reduce hypoglycaemia at any time of the day and facilitates handling carbohydrates in a particular patient's diet.

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Cómo citar

Bejarano-Roncancio, J. J., Almanza-Labarca, J. C., & Veloza-Naranjos, A. L. (2012). Análogos de insulina: relevancia clínica y perspectivas futuras. Revista De La Facultad De Medicina, 60(4), 333-341. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/38442

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.

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