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Cuadro clínico del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS)
Clinical picture of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v65n1Sup.59726Palabras clave:
Signos y síntomas, Examen físico, Diagnóstico. (es)Signs and Symptoms, Physical Examination, Diagnosis. (en)
El pilar para el diagnóstico del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es el cuadro clínico obtenido mediante una historia clínica detallada. Los síntomas son referidos por el paciente o su compañero de cama y se pueden dar durante el sueño o la vigilia; estos últimos se presentan como consecuencia del trastorno del sueño. Los síntomas son consecuencia de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior, de la hipoxia intermitente o de la fragmentación repetida del sueño.
Para el diagnóstico de SAHOS, se deben tener en cuenta los factores agravantes, las comorbilidades, los antecedentes familiares, el examen físico, la obtención de medidas antropométricas, los signos vitales y los hallazgos anatómicos estructurales asociados con este síndrome o con alteraciones congénitas que lo predispongan. Tener conocimiento de estos aspectos clínicos es fundamental para alcanzar una buena aproximación a su diagnóstico.
The baseline for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the clinical picture obtained through a detailed clinical history. The symptoms are referred by the patients or their bed partners, can occur during sleep or wakefulness, and are a consequence of sleep disorders. Upper airway obstruction, intermittent hypoxia, or repeated sleep fragmentation are the cause of the symptoms.
For the diagnosis of OSAHS, aggravating factors, comorbidities, family history, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, vital signs and structural anatomical findings associated with this syndrome or with predisposing congenital abnormalities should be taken into account. Knowing these clinical aspects is fundamental to reach a good approximation to diagnosis.
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