Published

2012-08-01

Family and school: scenarios of prevention of suicidal conducts in teenagers from the nursing discipline

Familia y escuela: escenarios de prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes desde la disciplina de enfermería

Família e escola: cenários de prevenção da conduta suicida em adolescentes desde a disciplina da enfermagem

Keywords:

suicidal ideation, adolescent, primary prevention, nursing (en)
ideación suicida, adolescencia, prevención primaria, enfermería (es)
ideação Suicida, Adolescente, Prevenção Primária, Enfermagem (pt)

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Suicidal behavior in teenagers is a health-care problem that demands attention from all the sectors of the society. This frames a complex reality impossible to explain exclusively on the basis of biological factors only, but also from psychological, social and cultural aspects since this is a phenomenon that arises from multiple factors. This conduct occurs in response to a situation that is perceived as overwhelming, which later causes wishes of being dead as a get-away to end with the so perceived unhappy life. Literature states that the nursing professionals play a key role in taking care of patients with suicidal conducts through the education, prevention and provision of care; besides, they have the qualities and abilities to reach the goal of promoting well-being and health among this group of people and their families. Findings found in the literature showed teenager as group in which there are increasing thoughts about suicide, and more frequently there comes up the possibility of a suicidal attempt that sometimes even gets to the actual commission of suicide. This is why it is important to develop strategies of prevention, in which it is fundamental to recognize the context in which the suicidal conduct emerges and materializes, with the purpose of providing parents, teachers and health professionals and community leaders with education on these behaviors. This revision is purported to describe the importance of the suicidal conduct in teenagers as public-health problem, as well as the importance of having a nursing approach and highlighting the relevancy of family and school as prevention scenarios.
La conducta suicida en adolescentes es un problema de salud que requiere atención de todos los sectores de la sociedad, porque enmarca una realidad compleja que no puede explicarse exclusivamente a partir de los factores biológicos, sino que incluye aspectos psicológicos, sociales y culturales por ser un fenómeno de origen multifactorial. Esta conducta ocurre como respuesta a una situación que la persona ve como abrumadora, que implica el deseo de morir para terminar con una vida sentida como infeliz. La literatura afirma que los profesionales de enfermería juegan un rol clave en el cuidado de las personas con conducta suicida a través de la educación, prevención y provisión de cuidado; además, tienen cualidades y habilidades para alcanzar la meta de la promoción del bienestar y salud de estas personas y sus familias. Los hallazgos de la literatura muestran a los adolescentes como un grupo en el cual se presentan cada vez más pensamientos suicidas, y con más frecuencia aparece la posibilidad de un intento de suicidio que en algunos casos es cometido. Por esto es importante desarrollar estrategias de prevención, en las cuales sea fundamental reconocer el contexto en el cual se genera y ocurre la conducta suicida, con el fin de proporcionar a padres, maestros, profesionales de la salud y líderes comunitarios educación acerca de estas conductas. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir la importancia de la conducta suicida en adolescentes como problema de salud pública y su abordaje desde la enfermería, y resaltar la importancia de la familia y la escuela como escenarios de prevención.
A conduta suicida em adolescentes é um problema de saúde que precisa atenção de todos os setores da sociedade, porque cria uma realidade complexa que não pode se explicar exclusivamente a partir dos fatores biológicos, senão que inclui aspetos psicológicos, sociais e culturais sendo que é um fenômeno de origem multifatorial. Esta conduta ocorre como resposta a uma situação que a pessoa percebe como esmagadora, que implica o desejo de morrer para terminar com uma vida percebida como uma vida infeliz. A literatura afirma que os profissionais de enfermagem têm um papel chave no cuidado das pessoas com conduta suicida a través da educação, prevenção e provisão de cuidado; além disso, tem qualidades e habilidades para alcançar a meta da promoção do bem estar e saúde destas pessoas e suas famílias. Os achados da literatura demonstram aos adolescentes como um grupo no qual se apresentam cada vez mais pensamentos suicidas e com maior frequência aparece a possibilidade de uma tentativa de suicídio que em alguns casos é cometida. Por isto é importante desenvolver estratégias de prevenção, nas que seja fundamental reconhecer o contexto em que se gera e ocorre a conduta suicida, com o fim de proporcionar a pais, mestres, profissionais da saúde e líderes comunitários, educação sobre estas condutas. Esta revisão objetiva descrever a importância da conduta suicida em adolescentes como problema de saúde pública e sua abordagem desde a enfermaria e resaltar a importância da família e a escola como cenários de prevenção.

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