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Fatty acid methyl esters production: chemical process variables
Producción de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos: variables asociadas al proceso de transformación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v24n2.14601Keywords:
oleochemistry, methyl esters, biodisel (en)oleoquímia, ésteres metílicos, biodisel (es)
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The advantages of fatty acid methyl esters as basic oleochemicals over fatty acids, the seventies world energy crisis and the use of those oleochemicals as fuels, have increased research interests on fats and oils trans-esterification. In this document, a review about basic aspects, uses, process variables and problems associated to the production process of fatty acid methyl esters is presented. A global view of recent researches, most of them focused in finding a new catalyst with same activity as the alcohol-soluble hydroxides (NaOH, KOH), and suitable to be used in transforming fats and oils with high levels of free fatty acids and water, avoiding separation problems and reducing process costs, is also discussed.
Las ventajas comparativas de los ésteres metílicos como oleoquímicos básicos frente a los ácidos grasos, la crisis energética mundial de mediados de los setenta y el redescubrimiento de estos oleoquímicos como combustibles, dio un nuevo impulso a la investigación básica y aplicada sobre los procesos de transesterificación de los aceites y grasas. En este documento se presentan los aspectos básicos, usos, variables y problemas asociados con la producción de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos, y una visión panorámica de las investigaciones recientes que, en gran medida, se enfocan a encontrar catalizadores diferentes a los tradicionales hidróxidos solubles en el alcohol (NaOH, KOH), que permitan procesar materias primas con menor calidad (mayor contenido de agua y ácidos grasos libres), mitigar los problemas de separación que se generan con el uso de catalizadores alcalinos solubles en el alcohol y reducir los costos de producción. Finalmente, se hace una descripción de las etapas comunes a diferentes procesos de producción y se presentan algunos datos de la cinética de la reacción.
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Copyright (c) 2004 Paulo César Narváez Rincón, Francisco José Sánchez Castellanos, Jesús Alfonso Torres, Luisa Fernanda Ponce de León
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