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Ethyl ester production from (RBD) palm oil
Producción de ésteres etílicos a partir de aceite de palma RBD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v27n2.14827Keywords:
palm oil (RBD), ethyl ester, oleochemical, transesterification (en)aceite de palma (RBD), ésteres etílicos, oleoquímica, transesterificación (es)
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This work develops a methodology for obtaining ethyl esters from RBD (refined, bleached and deodorised) palm oil by evaluating the oil’s transesteritication and separation. Two catalysts were first tested (KOH and NaOH) by studying the effect of water presence on the reaction. The separation process was then evaluated by using water and water-salt and water-acid mixtures, establishing the agent offering the best results and carrying out the purification stage. Raw materials and products were characterised for comparing the latter with those obtained by traditional means and verifying the quality of the esters so produced; minimum differences were found between both. The proposed methodology thus allows esters to be used as raw material in petrochemical industry applications. A more profitable process can be obtained compared to those used today, given the amounts of separation agent so established (1% H3PO4 solution, in water). The overall process achieved 74.4% yield, based on the oil being used.
Este trabajo desarrolla una metodología para la obtención de ésteres etílicos del aceite de palma RBD (refinado, blanqueado y desodorizado), evaluando la fase de transesteriticación del aceite y la de separación. En la primera etapa se probaron dos catalizadores (KOH y NaOH), y se estudió el efecto de la presencia de agua en el medio. En la segunda parte se evaluó el proceso de separación utilizando agua y mezclas agua-sal, agua-ácidos, estableciendo cuál de ellos ofrece mejores resultados, y las condiciones adecuadas para llevar a cabo la etapa mencionada. Se caracterizaron las materias primas y productos para comparar estos últimos con los obtenidos de la forma tradicional y comprobar la calidad de los ésteres producidos. Se encontró que las diferencias entre ambos son mínimas, por lo que la metodología propuesta permite utilizar los ésteres como materia prima en aplicaciones de la industria oleo química. Por otra parte, se puede conseguir un proceso más rentable al utilizado actualmente, dadas las cantidades de agente de separación (solución de H3PO4 al 1% en agua). El proceso global alcanzó un rendimiento de 74,4%, con base en el aceite utilizado.
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Copyright (c) 2007 Oscar Mauricio Martínez Ávila, Francisco José Sánchez Castellanos, Oscar Yesid Suárez Palacios
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