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Palm oil trans-esterification with methanol via heterogeneous catalysis
Transesterificación del aceite de palma con metanol por catálisis heterogénea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v25n2.14643Keywords:
trans-esterification, methanolysis, palm oil, heterogeneous catalysis (en)transesterificación, metanólisis, aceite de palma, catalísis heterogénea (es)
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Four different solid catalysts’ catalytic activity was studied in refined palm oil methanolysis: barium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and tin oxide (IV). The last two presented low catalytic activity; they were thus discarded. The catalysts were used in powder form suspended in the reaction medium. HPLC was used for testing catalytic activity by measuring the glycerol produced at the end of the reaction. Experiments were conducted at different pressures: 75 kPa (the pressure in Bogotá), 760 kPa, 1.800 kPa, 5.900 kPa and 11.400 kPa, 125°C (760 kPa) and 160°C (1,800 kPa). Three different percentages of catalyzer were assayed at 75 kPa and two experiments were done at very high pressure (10.9 psi) around methanol’s critical point (6.900 and 11.400 kPa). Both barium hydroxide and calcium oxide presented high catalytic activity. 75%-80% conversion was obtained with them in 8-10 hours at 63.3°C and 1.5 and 3 hours using calcium oxide and barium hydroxide (respectively) at high temperatures and pressures.
Se estudió la actividad catalítica de cuatro catalizadores sólidos en la metanólisis del aceite de palma refinado: hidróxido de bario, óxido de calcio, óxido de magnesio y óxido de estaño (IV). Los dos últimos mostraron una actividad catalítica muy baja y se descartaron. Los catalizadores se utilizaron en forma de polvos suspendidos en el medio de reacción. La actividad catalítica se evaluó mediante la determinación del glicerol que se produce durante la reacción, usando HPLC. Los ensayos se realizaron a diferentes presiones: presión de Bogotá (75 kPa), 760, 1.800, 5.900 y 11.400 kPa. También se ensayaron tres niveles de porcentaje de catalizador a 75 kPa y dos niveles a presiones elevadas. El hidróxido de bario y el óxido de calcio presentaron una alta actividad catalítica. Con el óxido de calcio y el hidróxido de bario se lograron conversiones del 75 - 80% con tiempos de reacción de 8-10 horas a 63,3°C, y tiempos de 1.5 y 3 horas para el óxido de calcio y el hidróxido de bario, respectivamente, a presiones y temperaturas elevadas. Se encontró que a presiones elevadas la reacción no requiere de catalizador.
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Copyright (c) 2005 Julian Andrés Parra Garrido, Alberto Ricardo Albis Arrieta, Francisco José Sánchez Castellanos
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