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Deshidrogenación oxidativa de Isobutano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.n48.21351Keywords:
Deshidrogenación oxidativa, Alcanos, Isobutano, Isobuteno, Deshidrogenación catalítica (es)Oxidative dehydrogenation, Alkanes, Isobutane, Isobutene, Catalytic dehydrogenation (en)
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La deshidrogenación oxidativa de alcanos es una reacción interesante debido en gran parte a la diferencia de precio entre los alcanos livianos, y sus correspondientes olefinas, su disponibilidad, y el hecho de que son ambientalmente aceptables debido a su baja reactividad química. Entre las olefinas producidas por deshidrogenación oxidativa del respectivo alcano, se encuentra el isobuteno que es materia prima esencial para la producción de compuestos oxigenados tales como el Metil-terc-butil-eter (MTBE), utilizado como mejorador de octanaje y fuente de oxígeno en mezclas de gasolinas. Por esta razón y porque además el isobuteno es una materia prima importante para las industrias química, petroquímica y de polímeros, su demanda en los últimos años ha estado en constante crecimiento. El interés en la deshidrogenación oxidativa, en general, y del isobutano, en particular, radica en la búsqueda de catalizadores más activos y selectivos con mejor rendimiento de producto para operar a condiciones menos severas y la posibilidad de desarrollar nuevos procesos con menor impacto ambiental y bajos costos atractivos desde el punto de vista industrial.
The oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes is an interesting reaction due mainly to the price difference with the corresponding olefins, to its availability and to the fact that they are environmentally acceptable because of its low chemical reactivity. Among the olefins produced by oxidative dehydrogenation, from the corresponding alkane, Isobutene is important because it is a primary raw material for the production of oxygenated compounds such as MTBE, used as octane booster and source of oxygen in gasoline pools. For this reason, and because Isobutene is an important raw material for the chemical, petrochemical and polymer industries, there has been a constant growth in its demand during last years. The interest in oxidative dehydrogenation, in general, and that of the Isobutane, in particular, lies in the search of more active and selective catalysts with higher yields of product, so that it is possible to process in less severe conditions and to develop new processes with a lower environmental impact and costs more attractive from the industrial point of view.
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