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Influence of Conventional and Hybrid Septic Tank-Anaerobic Filter Configurations on the Hydrodynamics and Performance of Wastewater Treatment
Evaluación de la influencia de las configuraciones convencional e híbrida de tanque séptico-filtro anaerobio sobre la hidrodinámica y desempeño del tratamiento de aguas residuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.94617Keywords:
anaerobic digestion, anaerobic filter, decentralized wastewater treatment, hydrodynamic performance, septic tank (en)digestión anaerobia, filtro anaerobio, tratamiento descentralizado de aguas residuales, comportamiento hidrodinámico, tanque séptico (es)
Decentralized treatment is an adequate strategy to more sustainably treat municipal wastewater in rural and peri-urban areas. In light of the above, this study evaluated, on a pilot scale, the performance of an anaerobic configuration consisting of a septic tank (ST) and an anaerobic filter (AF) in two modalities: (i) a conventional system (CS) in separate reactors and (ii) a hybrid system (HS) with a ST and an AF in a single reactor –both with theoretical hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 36, 30, 24, and 18 hours. The results indicated that the HS had a better performance (less variability) under the different conditions evaluated, achieving, at an HRT of 18 hours, higher reduction efficiencies (52,0±16,8% COD and 73,06±18,5% TSS) compared to the CS (39,8±13,1% COD and 65,8±20,52% TSS). Although hydrodynamic analysis showed dual flow (full mix and plug flow) in both configurations, the HS exhibited a greater predominance of plug flow (62%) than the CS (52%), which allowed the former to reach a real HRT closer to the theoretical value than the latter (23/24 vs. 19/24 hours). This behavior guarantees the lowest occurrence of dead zones and short circuits, as well as a higher Persson hydraulic efficiency (0,62) and lower area requirements for the HS in comparison with the CS (0,5).
El tratamiento descentralizado es una estrategia adecuada para tratar las aguas residuales municipales en áreas rurales y periurbanas de manera más sostenible. Con base en esto, este estudio evaluó, a escala piloto, el desempeño de una configuración anaerobia conformada por un tanque séptico (TS) y un filtro anaerobio (FA) en dos modalidades: (i) un sistema convencional (SC) en reactores separados y (ii) un sistema híbrido (SH) con TS y FA en un solo reactor –ambos con tiempos teóricos de retención hidráulica (TRH) de 36, 30, 24 y 18 horas. Los resultados indicaron que el SH presentó un mejor desempeño (menor variabilidad) bajo las diferentes condiciones evaluadas, logrando, a un TRH de 18 horas, mayores eficiencias de reducción (52,0±16,8 % DQO y 73,06±18,5 % SST) en comparación con el SC (39,8±13,1 % DQO y 65,8±20,52 % SST). Aunque el análisis hidrodinámico mostró flujo dual (mezcla completa y flujo pistón) en ambas configuraciones, el SH presentó mayor predominio del flujo pistón (62 %) que el SC (52 %), lo que permitió que el primero alcanzara un TRH real más cercano al valor teórico que el segundo (23/24 vs. 19/24 horas). Este comportamiento garantiza la menor ocurrencia de zonas muertas y cortocircuitos, así como una mayor eficiencia hidráulica de Persson (0,62) y menores requerimientos de área para el SH en comparación con el SC (0,5).
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Copyright (c) 2023 Patricia Torres Lozada, Maricel Arias Henao, Diego Paredes Cuervo
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