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Biopolymers as materials for developing products in pharmaceutical applications and biomedical uses
Los biopolímeros como materiales para el desarrollo de productos en aplicaciones farmacéuticas y de uso biomédico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v28n1.14868Palabras clave:
biopolymer, modified release, therapeutic system, biomedical device (en)biopolímeros, liberación modificada, sistemas terapéuticos, dispositivos biomédicos (es)
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Biopolymers have been widely studied for use in pharmaceutical applications. They have been used for modifying drug release, orientating a drug towards its therapeutic target, penetrating physiological barriers (tissues and cells) and protecting unstable therapeutic agents against physiological conditions which are present in a less invasive administration routes. The importance of biopolymers in designing new biomedical devices must thus be stressed, especially when a pharmaceutical substance must be incorporated into a polymer matrix. A new generation of alternatives for human health has thus been generated by designing pharmaceutical therapeutic systems in line with the concept of “integrated custom-made product design”. This document reviews the trends concerning using biopolymers for designing products having pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The paper also introduces the elements which should be mastered by engineers for obtaining material which can be used in the health field and tries to provide a reference point regarding the state of the art in this specific field of knowledge.
Los biopolímeros han sido ampliamente estudiados en aplicaciones farmacéuticas para modificar la liberación de principios activos, localización de los fármacos en su diana terapéutica, sobrepaso de barreras fisiológicas (tisulares y celulares) y la protección de agentes terapéuticos inestables a las condiciones fisiológicas presentes en las vías de administración menos invasivas. Así mismo, es notable la importancia en el uso de biopolímeros para el diseño de los nuevos dispositivos biomédicos combinados, en los cuales la necesidad de incorporar sustancias con actividad farmacológica ha llevado a la generación de novedosas alternativas para el tratamiento de enfermedades en el ser humano, acercando el diseño de sistemas terapéuticos farmacéuticos al concepto de “diseño integral de producto a la medida”. Este documento presenta una revisión sobre las tendencias en el uso de biopolímeros al diseño de productos con aplicaciones farmacéuticas y biomédicas, así como los elementos necesarios que debe conocer el ingeniero para obtener un material que pueda ser utilizado en el campo de la salud y pretende servir de referencia al estado del arte en este campo específico del conocimiento.
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