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Drogas emergentes: detección mediante sensores electroquímicos
Emerging drugs: detection by electrochemical sensors
Drogas emergentes: detecção usando sensores eletroquímicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v52n1.108752Palabras clave:
sensores, electroquímica, espectroelectroquímica, nuevas sustancias psicoactivas (es)sensors, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemistry, new psychoactive substances (en)
sensores, eletroquímica, espectroelectroquímica, novas substâncias psicoativas (pt)
La cantidad de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas, popularmente conocidas como drogas emergentes, sintéticas o recreativas, aumenta en el mercado global cada año. El uso de nuevas tecnologías para la producción y comercialización de las sustancias, aunado a una demanda exigente de nuevos efectos psicotrópicos más potentes, son algunos de los factores que contribuyen al incremento de una oferta más variada, así como a la cantidad de consumidores de algún tipo de psicoestimulante.
El desarrollo de herramientas analíticas fiables con capacidad de respuesta in situ para una evaluación preliminar, contribuyen significativamente con la generación de información científica para atender casos de intoxicaciones, aplicar correctamente la legislación e inclusive aportar datos reales para una reclasificación más justa de las drogas basada en criterios objetivos.
Los sensores electroquímicos han ganado terreno en áreas como la toxicología y las ciencias forenses. Esencialmente, porque son dispositivos portátiles de fácil manipulación, altamente versátiles, con mínimos requerimientos en el tratamiento de la matriz y que necesitan cantidades muy pequeñas de muestra. Asimismo, las metodologías electroquímicas presentan excelentes parámetros de desempeño como bajos límites de detección, alta sensibilidad y muy buena precisión. Esta revisión se enfoca en la aplicación de sensores electroquímicos voltamperométricos para el análisis de drogas.
The number of new psychoactive substances, known popularly as emerging, synthetic, or recreational drugs, is increasing on the drug global market every year. New technologies for the production and marketing of substances, along with a rigorous demand for new more powerful psychotropic effects, are some of the factors that contribute to the increase in a more varied supply, as well as the number of psychostimulant consumers.
The development of reliable analytical tools with an on-site response capacity for a preliminary determination contributes significantly to the generation of scientific data for the proper care of situations such as poisoning, the correct application of state legislation, and even the provision of objective criteria for the reclassification of the substances.
Electrochemical sensors have gained ground in areas such as toxicology and forensic science. Essentially, they are portable devices that are user-friendly and versatile, they require minimal matrix treatment and very small amounts of samples. Likewise, electrochemical methodologies have excellent performance parameters such as low detection limits, high sensitivity, and very good accuracy. This review focuses on the application of voltammetric electrochemical sensors for drug analysis.
O número de novas substâncias psicoativas, popularmente conhecidas como drogas emergentes, sintéticas ou recreativas, cresce a cada ano no mercado global. A utilização de novas tecnologias de produção e comercialização de substâncias, aliada a uma procura exigente de novos efeitos psicotrópicos mais potentes, são alguns dos fatores que contribuem para o aumento de uma oferta mais variada, bem como do número de consumidores de algum tipo de psicoestimulante.
O desenvolvimento de ferramentas analíticas confiáveis e com capacidade de resposta in situ para uma avaliação preliminar, contribuem significativamente para a geração de informações científicas para lidar com casos de intoxicação, aplicar corretamente a legislação e ainda fornecer dados reais para uma reclassificação mais justa de medicamentos com base em critérios objetivos.
Sensores eletroquímicos têm ganhado espaço em áreas como toxicologia e ciência forense. Essencialmente, porque são aparelhos portáteis de fácil manuseio, altamente versáteis, com requisitos mínimos no tratamento da matriz e que necessitam de quantidades muito pequenas de amostra. Da mesma forma, as metodologias eletroquímicas apresentam excelentes parâmetros de desempenho, como baixos limites de detecção, alta sensibilidade e muito boa precisão. Esta revisão enfoca a aplicação de sensores eletroquímicos voltamétricos para análise de drogas.
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