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Estudio multicriterio para seleccionar combustibles sintéticos a partir de energía geotérmica en Costa Rica
Multicriteria Analysis for Selecting Synthetic Fuels Derived from Geothermal Energy in Costa Rica
Estudo multicritério para seleção de combustíveis sintéticos provenientes de energia geotérmica na Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v54n1.118304Palabras clave:
Metanol, Metano, Amoníaco, Electrólisis, Captura de CO2, Hidrógeno verde (es)Methanol, Methane, Ammonia, Electrolysis, CO2 capture, Green Hydrogen (en)
Metanol, Metano, Amônia, Eletrólise, Captura de CO2, Hidrogênio verde (pt)
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La llegada de una economía global basada en energías renovables y la adopción del hidrógeno verde (H2V) como vector energético se han visto retrasadas constantemente. Aunque existe un amplio espectro de aplicaciones para el H2V, la mayoría de las tecnologías que lo producen o emplean como combustible son costosas o con baja madurez, lo cual ha limitado el crecimiento del mercado. En este contexto, los combustibles sintéticos se sitúan como una alternativa interesante ya que, aparte de ser carbono-neutrales, permiten continuar utilizando mucha de la infraestructura existente para producción, transporte y consumo final de combustibles. Por ello, en este estudio multicriterio, nos enfocamos en comparar las posibles rutas para producir los combustibles sintéticos más atractivos, metano, metanol y amoníaco, a partir de energía geotérmica en el contexto costarricense. Los resultados presentan al metanol como la mejor opción ya que permite aprovechar el CO2 volcánico. En el contexto latinoamericano, los combustibles sintéticos podrían llegar a tener un rol fundamental para descarbonizar la economía y promover la innovación. Por esta razón, este estudio puede servir de base para realizar estudios similares en la región.
The arrival of a global economy based on renewable energy and the adoption of green hydrogen (H2V) as an energy carrier have been consistently delayed. Although there is a wide range of applications for H2V, most of the technologies that produce or use H2V as fuel are expensive or have low maturity, which has limited market growth. In this context, synthetic fuels are positioned as an interesting alternative because they are carbon-neutral and allow the continued use of much of the existing infrastructure for fuel production, transportation, and consumption. Therefore, in this multicriteria study, we focused on comparing potential routes for producing the most attractive synthetic fuels –methane, methanol, and ammonia– from geothermal energy in the Costa Rican context. The results show that methanol is the best option because it enables the harnessing of volcanic CO2. In the Latin American context, synthetic fuels could play a fundamental role in decarbonizing the economy and promoting innovation. For this reason, this study can serve as a basis for similar studies in the region.
A chegada de uma economia global baseada em energias renováveis e a adoção do hidrogênio verde (H2V) como fonte de energia têm sido constantemente adiadas. Embora haja uma ampla gama de aplicações para o H2V, a maioria das tecnologias que o produzem ou o utilizam como combustível são caras ou têm baixa maturidade, o que limita o crescimento do mercado. Nesse contexto, os combustíveis sintéticos se posicionam como uma alternativa interessante, pois, além de serem neutros em carbono, permitem o uso contínuo de grande parte da infraestrutura existente para produção, transporte e consumo final de combustíveis. Portanto, neste estudo multicritério, focamos na comparação de rotas potenciais para a produção dos combustíveis sintéticos mais atrativos, metano, metanol e amônia, a partir da energia geotérmica no contexto da Costa Rica. Os resultados apontam o metanol como a melhor opção, pois permite o aproveitamento do CO2 vulcânico. No contexto latino-americano, os combustíveis sintéticos podem desempenhar um papel fundamental na descarbonização da economia e na promoção da inovação. Por isso, este estudo pode servir de base para estudos semelhantes na região.
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