Publicado

2021-03-25

Microencapsulación mediante secado por atomización a partir de un extracto de los cálices de Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

Microencapsulation by spray drying from an extract of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

Microencapsulação por secagem por pulverização a partir de um extrato dos cálices de Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v50n1.88424

Palabras clave:

secado por atomización, antocianinas, flavonoides, ácidos fenólicos, antioxidante, DPPH. (es)
secagem por spray, antocianinas, flavonoides, ácidos fenólicos, antioxidantes, DPPH. (pt)
spray drying, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, antioxidant, DPPH. (en)

Autores/as

La investigación tuvo como objetivo definir las mejores condiciones de extracción asistida por ultrasonido de los cálices de H. sabdariffa L. y la obtención de polvos microencapsulados, mediante secado por aspersión. Los extractos fueron analizados, considerando como variables: disolvente (agua y agua/etanol) y la relación temperatura/tiempo de extracción (25 ºC/60 min y 60 ºC/30 min). Para el secado se evaluaron las variables temperatura de entrada (150 ºC; 190 ºC) y la mezcla de encapsulantes goma arábiga (G) y maltodextrina (MD) (G40/MD60; G60/MD40). Los parámetros utilizados para el análisis fueron: rendimiento, pH, °Bx, composición química (fenoles y antocianinas totales, CLAE-EM) y capacidad antioxidante (DPPH). La mejor condición para la extracción de polifenoles resultó ser con agua:etanol (80:20), a 60 °C y durante 30 min. Se identificó la presencia de ácidos fenólicos, glicósidos de flavonoles y las antocianinas (delfinidina-3-sambubiósido y cianidina-3-sambubiósido), como las señales de mayor intensidad. Con el secado por atomización a 150 °C y con G60/MD40, se logró el mayor contenido de fenoles totales y antocianinas, sin embargo, la capacidad antioxidante se favoreció a 150 °C y con G40/MD60. Las micropartículas obtenidas podrían valorarse como materia prima para la elaboración de fitofármacos o alimentos funcionales, considerando su fácil manipulación, posible estabilidad y su valor antioxidante.

 

The objective of the research was to define the best conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of H. sabdariffa L. calyces, and to obtain microencapsulated powders, by spray drying. The extracts were analyzed, considering as variables: extracting solvent (water and water/ethanol) and the temperature /extraction time ratio (25 ºC/60 min and 60 ºC/30 min). Inlet air temperature (150 ºC; 190 ºC) and the mixture of gum arabic (G) and maltodextrin (MD) as encapsulating agents (G40/MD60; G60/MD40) were the variables studied. The parameters used for the analysis were: yield, pH, °Bx, chemical composition (phenols and total anthocyanins, HPLC-MS), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH). The best polyphenols extraction conditions were water:ethanol (80:20), at 60 °C for 30 min. The presence of phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside) were identified as the signals of highest intensity. Inlet air temperature at 150 °C and G60/MD40 allowed the highest total phenols and anthocyanins content. However, the antioxidant capacity was better at 150 °C and G40/MD60. The microparticle obtained could be used as an ingredient for the preparation of phytopharmaceuticals or functional foods, considering their easy handling, and antioxidant capacity.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi definir as melhores condições para a extração assistida por ultrassom de H. sabdariffa L. calyces e obter pós microencapsulados, por meio de secagem por pulverização. Os extratos foram analisados ​​considerando-se variáveis: menstruação (água e água/etanol) e a razão temperatura/tempo de extração (25 ºC/60 min e 60ºC/30 min). Para a secagem, os variais foram avaliados: temperatura de entrada (150 ºC; 190 ºC) e mistura dos encapsulantes goma arábica (G) e maltodextrina (MD) (G40/MD60; G60/MD40). Os parâmetros utilizados para a análise foram: rendimento, pH, °Bx, composição química (fenóis e antocianinas totais, HPLC-MS) e capacidade antioxidante (DPPH). A melhor condição de extração acabou com a água: etanol (80:20), a 60 °C e por 30 min. A presença de ácidos fenólicos, flavonol glicosídeos e antocianinas (delfinidin-3-sambubiosídeo e cianidin-3-sambubiosídeo) foram identificados como sinais de maior intensidade. Com a secagem por pulverização a 150 °C e com G60/MD40, foi atingido o maior teor de fenóis e antocianinas totais, no entanto, a capacidade antioxidante foi favorecida a 150 °C e com G40/MD60. As microcápsulas obtidas podem ser utilizadas como matéria-prima na preparação de fitofarmacêuticos ou alimentos funcionais, considerando seu fácil manuseio, possível estabilidade e seu valor antioxidante.

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