Publicado
Políticas sanitarias y situación actual del Bocio Endémico: El caso de Colombia
Sanitary policy and current situation of Goiter Syndrome: Colombia Case
Palabras clave:
deficiencia de yodo, bocio endémico, política de salud, glándula tiroides, Colombia, prevalencia (es)Iodine Deficiency, Goiter, Endemic, Health Policy, Thyroid Gland, Colombia, Prevalence (en)
La deficiencia de yodo tiene muchos efectos adversos, sobre la Salud Humana. Se Considera la deficiencia de yodo, como la principal causa de discapacidad humana prevenible, se estima que más de 800'000.000 de personas están en riesgo; 190'000.000 afectados con bocio y más de 3'000.000 pueden presentar cretinismo.
El bocio endémico es considerado uno de los desórdenes producidos por la deficiencia de yodo. Su alta prevalencia en distintas regiones a nivel mundial, llevó a que la OMS declarara durante muchas décadas problema de salud pública, debido a las consecuencias directas en la salud de grupos vulnerables como las mujeres embarazadas y los niños en edad escolar sino por su impacto negativo en el desarrollo de las comunidades afectadas. En Colombia, se adoptó la yodización universal de la sal como principal estrategia para el control de estos desórdenes declarándose su eliminación a finales del siglo pasado. Sin embargo, algunos reportes posteriores han mostrado que la prevalencia de bocio endémico y el estado nutricional del yodo medido por la determinación de la yoduria en algunas regiones del país requieren atención por parte de las autoridades sanitarias no solo por la persistencia de los desórdenes por deficiencia de yodo sino por el riesgo de enfermedades tiroideas por la ingesta excesiva de yodo en algunas regiones del país.
Iodine deficiency leads to many adverse effects concerning human health. Iodine deficiency has been considered the leading cause of preventable human disability; it has been estimated that more than 800 million of the world's population are at risk, 190 million are affected by goitre and more than 3 million may be suffering from cretinism.
Endemic goitre is considered to be one of the disorders caused by iodine deficiency. Its continued high prevalence around the world has led to the WHO declaring it to be a public health problem for many decades now due to its direct impact on the health of vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women and school-aged children, and its negative impact on the affected communities' development. Universal salt iodisation (USI) was adopted in Colombia as the main strategy for controlling such disorders; it was declared that they had been eliminated at the end of the last century. However, subsequent reports have shown that the prevalence of endemic goitre and iodine nutritional status (measured by determining urinary iodine in some areas of Colombia) requires the pertinent health authorities' attention due to the persistence of iodine deficiency disorders and the risk of thyroid disease caused by excessive iodine intake in some regions of Colombia.
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