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Análisis de la mezcla de alcoholes en motor diésel
Analysis of alcohol mixture in diesel engine
Análise da mistura de álcoois em motores diesel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v51n3.106796Palabras clave:
Alcohol, motor diésel, energía renovable, biocombustible (es)Alcohol, diesel engine, renewable energy, biofuel (en)
Álcool, diesel, energia renovável, biocombustíveis (pt)
Debido a que el futuro del petróleo es incierto, en la búsqueda de los combustibles alternativos se ha encontrado que el alcohol es un fuerte candidato como combustible; los alcoholes inferiores más representativos son el metanol y el etanol, los cuales han demostrado en general baja miscibilidad, por lo que pueden generar una separación de fases al ser mezclados después de un cierto tiempo. La única manera de emplearlos en un motor diésel es mezclándolos con biodiésel o con surfactantes. Por el contrario, los alcoholes superiores tienen características más adecuadas para ser mezclados o empleados en el motor diésel. Por su parte, los éteres son una buena opción cuando se trate de combustión piloto en que se considere emplear combustibles gaseosos como el biogás o el syngas en motor diésel dual.
En esta investigación se exploran las alternativas que existen para mejorar las características del alcohol, por ejemplo, mezclarlo con biodiésel, biogás, agua o nanopartículas, y también se analizan las emisiones que se producen con las mezclas generadas. El objetivo es indagar las diferencias entre los alcoholes inferiores y los alcoholes superiores de cadena larga, así como las mezclas que se pueden generar para mejorar el rendimiento del motor. Los resultados afirman que los alcoholes de cadena larga tienen mejores propiedades físico-químicas que los alcoholes de cadena corta; el butanol es el único combustible que puede ser transportado y almacenado en las mismas redes de tuberías actuales de los productos petroleros existentes. También se cuenta con la opción de usar el alcohol como combustible piloto en un motor diésel dual; esto puede servir para aplicar una enorme variedad de combustibles tanto líquidos como gaseosos, lo cual hace que las opciones en su aplicación se incrementen. Como conclusión, se recomienda explorar nuevas mezclas analizando sus sinergias con varios combustibles alternativos. La posibilidad de realizar el diesterol-BED genera resultados muy alentadores, por lo que se recomienda seguir haciendo análisis sobre esa línea para encontrar la mezcla óptima.
As the future of oil is uncertain and in the search for alternative fuels, it has been found that alcohol is a strong candidate as a fuel. The most representative lower alcohols are methanol and ethanol, which have generally demonstrated low miscibility so that they can generate phase separation when mixed after a certain period of time. The only way to use them in a diesel engine is to mix them with biodiesel or surfactants. By contrast, higher alcohols have more suitable characteristics to be mixed or used in the diesel engine. In the case of ethers they are a good option when it comes to pilot combustion considering using gaseous fuels such as biogas or syngas in dual diesel engine. This research explores the alternatives that exist to improve the characteristics of alcohol as it can be mixed with biodiesel, biogas, water or nanoparticles and also analyzes the emissions that are generated with the mixtures. The aim of this research is to explore the differences between lower alcohols and long chain upper alcohols, as well as the mixtures that can be generated to improve engine performance. The results of this research claim that long-chain alcohols have better physico-chemical properties than short-chain alcohols, butanol being the only fuel that can be transported and stored in the same current pipeline networks of existing oil products. There is also the option to use alcohol as a pilot fuel in a dual diesel engine. The latter can be used to apply a huge variety of both liquid and gaseous fuels, this makes the options in its application increase. As a conclusion of this work, it is recommended to explore new mixtures analyzing their synergies with various alternative fuels. The possibility of performing diesterol-BED generates very encouraging results, therefore it is recommended to continue to perform analyses on that line to find the optimal mixture.
Na busca por combustíveis alternativos porque o futuro do petróleo é incerto, verificou-se que o álcool é um forte candidato como combustível, onde os álcoois inferiores mais representativos são o metanol e o etanol, que, em geral, demonstraram baixa miscibilidade, de modo que podem gerar separação de fase quando misturadas após um determinado período de tempo, a única forma de as utilizar num motor diesel é misturá-las com biodiesel ou tensioactivos, pelo contrário, os álcoois superiores têm características mais adequadas para serem misturados ou utilizados no motor diesel, no caso dos éteres, são uma boa opção quando se trata de combustão piloto, considerando a utilização de combustíveis gasosos, como biogás ou gás de síntese em motores a diesel duplos, esta pesquisa explora as várias alternativas que existem para melhorar as características do álcool, pois pode ser misturado com biodiesel, biogás, água ou nanopartículas e também analisa as emissões que são geradas com as misturas geradas, O objetivo desta pesquisa é explorar as diferenças entre álcoois inferiores e álcoois superiores de cadeia longa, bem como as misturas que podem ser geradas para melhorar o desempenho do motor. Os resultados desta pesquisa afirmam que os álcoois de cadeia longa têm melhores propriedades físico-químicas do que os álcoois de cadeia curta, sendo o butanol o único combustível que pode ser transportado e armazenado nas mesmas redes de gasodutos atuais que os produtos petrolíferos existentes, há também a opção de usar álcool como combustível piloto em um motor diesel duplo, Este último pode ser usado para aplicar uma enorme variedade de combustíveis líquidos e gasosos, o que aumenta as opções em sua aplicação. Como conclusão deste trabalho recomenda-se explorar novas misturas analisando suas sinergias com vários combustíveis alternativos, a possibilidade de realizar diesterol-BED gera resultados muito encorajadores, portanto, recomenda-se continuar a realizar análises nessa linha para encontrar a mistura ideal.
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